Campania
Campania is a region of southern Italian ordinary statute of 5.869.965 people (third region by population density and prior to). Wedged between the Tyrrhenian, west, and the southern Apennines, a is, The region is bordered to the north-west with Lazio, north with Molise and east by Puglia and Basilicata. In addition to the regional capital Naples, the provincial capital city are Avellino, Benevento, Caserta and Salerno. The hinterland of Campania was already inhabited in the third millennium BC. populations sannite, osche and volsche. From the eighth century A.C.. developed along the coast several settlements of populations of Greek civilization from which originated the Great Greek colonies of Pithecusa, Only, Parthenope, Neapolis and Poseidonia. The area of Campania also constituted the extreme southern limit of the expansion Etruscan. The interior was instead inhabited by tribes of the Samnites. In the second half of the fourth century BC, with the Samnite wars, the region was placed under the influence of Rome, who renamed Campania felix in reference to its prosperity. With the decline of Roman civilization, disintegrated even the political unity of the region, that the fifth century d.C. ended largely under the influence Lombard and to a lesser extent in the Byzantine. Only in the tenth century with the rise of the Norman dynasty the Campania region along with much of southern Italy found political unity under the crown of the Kingdom of Sicily. From the thirteenth to the nineteenth century, despite the succession of dynasties Angevin, Aragonese and Bourbon, the kingdom of Naples and in particular the capital and his court became one of the main cultural centers, artistic and economic Europe. The marginalization of the area followed the unification of Italy is the basis of economic and social decline that was recorded in the second half of the nineteenth century, usually indicated by the term of issue of the South.
Irpinia
Irpinia, Apparently making the wider historical region of Sannio, is a historical and geographical region that now includes most of the province of Avellino. Irpinia is bordered to the north by the province of Benevento, to the west with the Nolan Agro and Agro Nocerino Sarnese, south with the province of Salerno and east with the Vulture and Daunia. The region extends along the east-central part of Campania, has no outlet to the sea and has a mainly mountainous. The territory, divided into valleys and hills, presents a harsh climate in winter, with snowfalls, e relativamente mite d’estate.
Cilento
Cilento is a mountainous sub-region of Campania that juts like a peninsula between the gulfs of Salerno and Policastro, in the southern region, UNESCO World Heritage Site. Formerly the Cilento was part of Lucania (together with the Vallo di Diano and the Gulf of Policastro). The sub-region is a green lung and a mine of historical richness and landscape for the Campania region. Right in the Cilento fact there are 11 between 12 blue flags that the region holds, Important archaeological remains as the temples of Paestum and important artistic and cultural places such as the Certosa di San Lorenzo (Padula). Along the coast, in addition to other points suggestive, there is the famous Baia Infreschi. Among other sites, There are also Velia, l'antica Elea. At Last, almost the entire area of Cilento (180.000 hectares), in 1991 became a national park. In Vallo di Diano, which together with Alburni and to form the Cilento National Park, are the caves of Perth or the caves of Pertosa-Auletta.
Plains
Throughout the region Campania, only about one-fifth is formed by plains. The main ones are localized mainly in the Caserta and along the Cilento coast. The plains are the most important: north of the river Garigliano and the Volturno River; it is bordered to the south with the groove of the Sarno River and is the plain of Campania itself, fertile and densely populated. Recall, in addition to, the plain of the river Sele south, forming the plain of Paestum and the plain of Salerno. Ad is, Cilento, are several hills and mountains that characterize that slice of the region. Among the main are the Vallo di Diano, that stretches between the massifs and Cervati Tanagro crossed by the river which was originally a large Pleistocene lake, and Vallo della Lucania.
Reliefs and hills
Panorama from Mount Picentini Sassosano (Montella) Among the findings one can distinguish the central Apennines, commencing from the northwest to the southeast and including several massive (Matese, mountains Trebulani, Taburno, Avella, Thermal, Cervialto, Alburno, Cervati), Tuoro, followed eastward from one area of plateaus and basins (Benevento, Apex, Montecalvo Irpino, Ariano Irpino etc.). In the coastal area are massive volcanic (Somma-Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, Roccamonfina) and di origine sedimentary.
The coasts of Campania, including those of the islands of the Gulf of Naples, are all wet from the Tyrrhenian Sea. Among the three provincial capitals that face the sea, that of Caserta is the only one that does it entirely plain. The city of Naples instead, di 225 km di costa solo il 31% is low. Different is for Salerno which is divided in half with 47% of low coasts. Between the coasts most important and famous, for nature, beauty and culture, There are those of the Sorrento peninsula and the Cilento. The Sorrento peninsula, is a territory crossed in from the mountains Lattari and straining toward the Tyrrhenian Sea. Administratively it belongs to half the province of Naples and the other half to that of Salerno. The slope overlooking the Bay of Naples is the Sorrento coast, that overlooks the Gulf of Salerno, Instead, form the Amalfi Coast. Campanian Archipelago consists of three main islands: Ischia, Capri and Procida, famous worldwide for their natural beauty and two other smaller islands, Vivara (connected by a bridge in Procida) and Nisida (connected to the mainland).
Amalfi Coast
The Amalfi Coast is one of the most famous stretches of coastline in the world, symbol of Italy abroad and one of the points of excellence of national tourism. Bordered to the west and east from Positano from Vietri sul Mare and become, in 1997, UNESCO World Heritage Site, the coast is named after the town that is the heart of the same, not only geographically but also historically: Amalfi. The municipalities that are part of the coast are fifteen: Amalfi, Atrani, Cetara, Conca dei Marini, Corby, Fury, Maiori, Minor, Positano, Praiano, Ravello, Sant'Egidio del Monte Albino, Scale, Sunsets and Vietri sul Mare. Shortly after the Punta Campanella, in the Gulf of Salerno, between the various inlets, there is the renowned Bay Ieranto, good of the FAI.
Cilento
The Cilento coast includes the stretch of coast from the Gulf of Salerno to that of Policastro and a coastline well known for its natural beauty. Twelve blue flags regional, ten belong to this coast. Municipalities (or fractions) that there are part are: Agropoli, Ascea (with Velia and Ascea Marina), Camerota (with Marina di Camerota), Capaccio (with Paestum, Laura, Licinella and Torre Kernot), Casal Velino (Marina di Casalvelino), Castellabate (with Santa Maria, San Marco, Licosa and Ogliastro Marina), Centola (with Palinuro), Pans (with Capital), Montecorice (with Agnone Cilento and Case del Conte), Pisciotta (with Caprioli and Marina di Pisciotta), Pollica (with Acciaroli and Poplars), San Giovanni a Piro (con Scario), San Mauro Cilento (with Mezzatorre), Santa Marina (with Policastro Bussentino), Sapri and Vibonati (with Villammare).
Sorrento Coast
The area is in a coastal belonging to the Sorrento peninsula overlooking the side that gives the Bay of Naples. Given the scenic beauty, historical, cultural costs and given its relevance gastronomic, the same is intensively exploited for tourism purposes. The municipalities that make up the coast are seven: (from south to north) Sorrento, which is part of Sant'Agata sui due gulfs with panoramic monastery of the Desert, Sorrento, Sant'Agnello, Piano di Sorrento, Where, Vico Equense and Castellammare di Stabia.
Capri
The Li Galli is an archipelago belonging to the town of Positano located a few kilometers south of the Sorrento Peninsula and consists of three uninhabited islands: Gallo Lungo, La Rotonda Dei Briganti and north of the Rotunda (known as Castelluccio or Castelluccia).
Megaride
Nisida
Nisida (the greek Nisida, small island) is a small island which belongs to the volcanic islands, placed a short distance from the coast of Cape Posillipo, within the territory of the city of Naples. His “status” island, formerly peaceful, is now challenged by the citizens because it is connected to the mainland by a stone bridge, which in turn has “took with him” another islet.
Procida
The island of Procida with its 3,7 km² is the third largest in terms of area of Campania. Its territory is part of the municipality of the same name with the little Vivara. Procida dista dalla costa solo 3,4 km ed è collegata con Vivara mediante un ponte. Its formation is probably due to the eruption of a multitude of volcanoes belonging to the region of the Campi Flegrei separated from its shores by the channel of Procida, his main observation is actually a modest hill called Terra Murata (91 m.s.m.). The majority of its coastline is included in marine protected Neptune's Kingdom.
Vivara
The island of Vivara is a small island in the Gulf of Naples, located a short distance from the islands of Procida and Ischia and belonging to the group of islands flegree. L’isola misura circa 0.4 km² e ha un perimetro di circa 3 km con una forma a mezzaluna; the highest point measurement 110 meters above sea level and is located in the center of the island. Vivara is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Municipality of Procida, which is connected by a thin bridge. It is currently uninhabited and is a state nature reserve, part of the Regional Park of Campi Flegrei. His entire coastline is also included in the natural marine protected from Neptune's Kingdom. The extreme points are the tip of the South to South and North to the tip Capital, facing the island of Procida. Le Pied d'spot, west, defines the narrowest point of the channel of Ischia, while the entire east coast, steep and rugged, is called La Carcara.